The
Lord spoke
to Moses, saying: “Speak to the people of Israel and say to them:
'These are the appointed festivals of the Lord
that you shall proclaim as
holy convocations, my appointed festivals.'
'For six days shall work be done; but the seventh day is a sabbath of complete rest,1 a holy convocation; you shall do no work: it is a sabbath to the Lord throughout your settlements.'2
'These are the appointed festivals of the Lord, the holy convocations, which you shall celebrate at the time appointed for them. In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at twilight, there shall be a passover-offering to the Lord, and on the fifteenth day of the same month is the festival of unleavened bread to the Lord; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall not work at your occupations. For seven days you shall present the Lord’s offerings by fire; on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation: you shall not work3 at your occupations.'”
The Lord spoke to Moses: “Speak to the people of Israel and say to them:
'When you enter the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you shall bring the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest4 to the priest. He shall raise the sheaf before the Lord, so that you may find acceptance; on the day after the sabbath the priest shall raise it.On the day when you raise the sheaf, you shall offer a lamb a year old, without blemish, as a burnt-offering to the Lord. And the grain-offering with it shall be two-tenths of an ephah of choice flour mixed with oil, an offering by fire of pleasing odour to the Lord; and the drink-offering with it shall be of wine, one-fourth of a hin.5 You shall eat no bread or parched grain or fresh ears until that very day, until you have brought the offering of your God: it is a statute for ever6 throughout your generations in all your settlements.
And from the day after the sabbath, from the day on which you bring the sheaf of the elevation-offering, you shall count off seven weeks; they shall be complete. You shall count until the day after the seventh sabbath, fifty days; then you shall present an offering of new grain to the Lord. You shall bring from your settlements two loaves of bread as an elevation-offering, each made of two-tenths of an ephah; they shall be of choice flour, baked with leaven, as first fruits to the Lord. You shall present with the bread seven lambs a year old without blemish, one young bull, and two rams; they shall be a burnt-offering to theLord, along with their grain-offering and their drink-offerings, an offering by fire of pleasing odour to the Lord. You shall also offer one male goat for a sin-offering, and two male lambs a year old as a sacrifice of well-being.7 The priest shall raise them with the bread of the first fruits as an elevation-offering before the Lord, together with the two lambs; they shall be holy to the Lord for the priest. On that same day you shall make proclamation; you shall hold a holy convocation; you shall not work at your occupations.8 This is a statute for ever9 in all your settlements throughout your generations.
When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap to the very edges of your field, or gather the gleanings of your harvest; you shall leave them for the poor and for the alien: I am the Lord your God.'”10
The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “Speak to the people of Israel, saying:
'In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of complete rest, a holy convocation commemorated with trumpet blasts. You shall not work at your occupations;11 and you shall present the Lord’s offering by fire.'”
The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “Now, the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement; it shall be a holy convocation for you: you shall deny yourselves12 and present the Lord’s offering by fire; and you shall do no work during that entire day;13 for it is a day of atonement, to make atonement on your behalf before the Lord your God. For anyone who does not practise self-denial during that entire day shall be cut off from the people.14 And anyone who does any work during that entire day, such a one I will destroy from the midst of the people.15 You shall do no work: it is a statute for ever16 throughout your generations in all your settlements. It shall be to you a sabbath of complete rest, and you shall deny yourselves; on the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening17 you shall keep your sabbath.
The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “Speak to the people of Israel, saying: On the fifteenth day of this seventh month, and lasting seven days, there shall be the festival of booths to the Lord. The first day shall be a holy convocation; you shall not work at your occupations. For seven days you shall present the Lord’s offerings by fire; on the eighth day you shall observe a holy convocation and present the Lord’s offerings by fire; it is a solemn assembly; you shall not work at your occupations.'
'For six days shall work be done; but the seventh day is a sabbath of complete rest,1 a holy convocation; you shall do no work: it is a sabbath to the Lord throughout your settlements.'2
'These are the appointed festivals of the Lord, the holy convocations, which you shall celebrate at the time appointed for them. In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at twilight, there shall be a passover-offering to the Lord, and on the fifteenth day of the same month is the festival of unleavened bread to the Lord; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall not work at your occupations. For seven days you shall present the Lord’s offerings by fire; on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation: you shall not work3 at your occupations.'”
The Lord spoke to Moses: “Speak to the people of Israel and say to them:
'When you enter the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you shall bring the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest4 to the priest. He shall raise the sheaf before the Lord, so that you may find acceptance; on the day after the sabbath the priest shall raise it.On the day when you raise the sheaf, you shall offer a lamb a year old, without blemish, as a burnt-offering to the Lord. And the grain-offering with it shall be two-tenths of an ephah of choice flour mixed with oil, an offering by fire of pleasing odour to the Lord; and the drink-offering with it shall be of wine, one-fourth of a hin.5 You shall eat no bread or parched grain or fresh ears until that very day, until you have brought the offering of your God: it is a statute for ever6 throughout your generations in all your settlements.
And from the day after the sabbath, from the day on which you bring the sheaf of the elevation-offering, you shall count off seven weeks; they shall be complete. You shall count until the day after the seventh sabbath, fifty days; then you shall present an offering of new grain to the Lord. You shall bring from your settlements two loaves of bread as an elevation-offering, each made of two-tenths of an ephah; they shall be of choice flour, baked with leaven, as first fruits to the Lord. You shall present with the bread seven lambs a year old without blemish, one young bull, and two rams; they shall be a burnt-offering to theLord, along with their grain-offering and their drink-offerings, an offering by fire of pleasing odour to the Lord. You shall also offer one male goat for a sin-offering, and two male lambs a year old as a sacrifice of well-being.7 The priest shall raise them with the bread of the first fruits as an elevation-offering before the Lord, together with the two lambs; they shall be holy to the Lord for the priest. On that same day you shall make proclamation; you shall hold a holy convocation; you shall not work at your occupations.8 This is a statute for ever9 in all your settlements throughout your generations.
When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap to the very edges of your field, or gather the gleanings of your harvest; you shall leave them for the poor and for the alien: I am the Lord your God.'”10
The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “Speak to the people of Israel, saying:
'In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of complete rest, a holy convocation commemorated with trumpet blasts. You shall not work at your occupations;11 and you shall present the Lord’s offering by fire.'”
The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “Now, the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement; it shall be a holy convocation for you: you shall deny yourselves12 and present the Lord’s offering by fire; and you shall do no work during that entire day;13 for it is a day of atonement, to make atonement on your behalf before the Lord your God. For anyone who does not practise self-denial during that entire day shall be cut off from the people.14 And anyone who does any work during that entire day, such a one I will destroy from the midst of the people.15 You shall do no work: it is a statute for ever16 throughout your generations in all your settlements. It shall be to you a sabbath of complete rest, and you shall deny yourselves; on the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening17 you shall keep your sabbath.
The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “Speak to the people of Israel, saying: On the fifteenth day of this seventh month, and lasting seven days, there shall be the festival of booths to the Lord. The first day shall be a holy convocation; you shall not work at your occupations. For seven days you shall present the Lord’s offerings by fire; on the eighth day you shall observe a holy convocation and present the Lord’s offerings by fire; it is a solemn assembly; you shall not work at your occupations.'
'These
are the appointed festivals of the Lord, which you shall
celebrate as times of holy convocation, for presenting to
the Lord offerings by fire—burnt-offerings and
grain-offerings, sacrifices and drink-offerings, each on its proper
day— apart from the sabbaths of the Lord, and apart from
your gifts, and apart from all your votive offerings, and apart from
all your freewill-offerings, which you give to the Lord.'
'Now,
the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the
produce of the land, you shall keep the festival of the Lord,
lasting seven days; a complete rest on the first day, and a complete
rest on the eighth day. On the first day you shall take the fruit of
majestic trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and
willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the Lord
your God for seven days.
You shall keep it as a festival to the Lord
seven days in the year; you
shall keep it in the seventh month as a statute for ever throughout
your generations. You shall live in booths for seven days; all that
are citizens in Israel shall live in booths,18
so that your generations may know that I made the people of Israel
live in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the
Lord your
God.'
Thus Moses declared to the people of Israel the appointed festivals of the Lord.
1 “Complete rest” seems more total than just “don't work at your occupations.
Thus Moses declared to the people of Israel the appointed festivals of the Lord.
1 “Complete rest” seems more total than just “don't work at your occupations.
2
Sabbath emphasized again, but no reason for it is given this time.
3
Not working is obviously an essential aspect of many holy
celebrations.
4
Once the 4th year happens, if Leviticus 19:23-24 is to be
followed.
5
Very specific measurements here.
6
“forever” emphasized, though Christians do not celebrate this
festival today.
7
Quite a lot of sacrifices are required for this festival.
8
Yet again, no work is required.
9
Again, the “statute forever” is emphasized.
10
This is a surprising inclusion of the command to have social concern
for the poor in reaping.
11
Yet another day characterized by rest
12
First time self-denial (fasting?) is mentioned
13
Yet again the Sabbath.
14
Very strong rebuke for failure to self-deny. Were there exceptions
for the ill, pregnant, or children? If so, they are not mentioned
here.
15
Did He actually do this? Surely some people worked.
16
“Forever” mentioned for the 3rd time.
17
Perhaps fast from evening to evening too?
18
A fascinating act-out for a seven-day festival.
Take-home: A series of festivals, focused around Sabbath and sacrifice, are laid out to further cement Israel's communal identity as a people.
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